Map & Compass Navigation
How to use a map and compass: scale, contours, grid references, taking and following a bearing, declination, triangulation, aiming off, pace counting.
Calculator · Skills
Convert distance to pace counts and back, adjusted for slope, terrain and night.
How many paces until the next checkpoint – or how far have you walked? Enter your personal pace count per 100 m, then convert distance to paces or paces to distance, adjusted for slope, ground and darkness.
| Distance | Flat | Your conditions |
|---|---|---|
| 100 m | 64 | 64 |
| 250 m | 160 | 160 |
| 500 m | 320 | 320 |
| 1,000 m | 640 | 640 |
| 2,000 m | 1,280 | 1,280 |
Paces per 100 m = your flat calibration × slope (uphill 1.12, steep 1.25, downhill 1.05) × ground (rough 1.12, snow/sand 1.2) × night 1.1. Typical adults: 60–70 paces per 100 m.
One pace is two steps: you count each time your left foot touches the ground. Most adults take 60–70 paces per 100 m on flat ground. Your steps get shorter on hills, in rough terrain and in the dark, so your flat calibration is multiplied by correction factors:
| Condition | Factor | From 64 paces/100 m |
|---|---|---|
| Uphill | × 1.12 | ≈ 72 |
| Steep uphill | × 1.25 | 80 |
| Downhill | × 1.05 | ≈ 67 |
| Rough ground / undergrowth | × 1.12 | ≈ 72 |
| Snow or sand | × 1.2 | ≈ 77 |
| Night / poor visibility | × 1.1 | ≈ 70 |
Factors multiply: uphill in undergrowth at night makes about 88 paces per 100 m from a flat 64. The calculator also shows your pace length in metres and how to set your ranger beads: one lower bead per 100 m, one upper bead per kilometre.